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Quality assessment of honey obtained from apiaries and markets in Edo State, Nigeria

This research evaluated the quality of honey samples collected from artificial and natural apiaries and the surrounding markets in three municipal locations in Edo State, Nigeria. The physicochemical properties, proximate and heavy metal composition of honey samples  from five farms and five nearby markets were analyzed using standard methods. The results were compared with the Codex Alimentarius General Standards and the European Union Council Directive. A narrow pH range of 3.43±0.03 to 3.87±0.00 was obtained, while the free acidity varied between 27.00±0.10 to 83.70±0.30 meq/kg. Colour (58.22±0.04-125.08±0.02 mm Pfund), total solid (73.20±0.10-84.00±0.10%), Brix (71.00±0.01-82±0.01%) and refractive index at 20ᴼC (1.4965-1.4847) were also evaluated. The proximate analysis showed moisture content (16.03±0.13-26.80±0.20%), ash content (0.24±0.01-1.44±0.03%), crude fat (0.06±0.02-4.47±0.02%), crude protein (0.30±0.09- 1.06±0.03%) and carbohydrate (73.05-82.58%) while crude fibre was not present. The most abundant elements were K (7.62±0.11-31.40±0.15 mg/L) and Ca (14.00±0.12-30.60±0.10 mg/L), followed by Na (2.41±0.13-5.27±0.09 mg/L) and Mg (0.42±0.10- 0.83±0.09 mg/L). In most of the samples, Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr and Cu were not detected but occurred in very low concentrations in a few samples while Zn (0.04±0.01-2.55±0.06 mg/L), Fe (0.02±0.01-1.03±0.03 mg/L) and Mn (0.02±0.01-0.23±0.06 mg/L) were detected in most of the samples. The characteristics of the apiary honeys were comparable to the ones from the respective nearby markets, suggesting relative purity and wholesomeness. Because the majority of the parameters determined for the honey samples complied with international standards, they may be consumed or used therapeutically.

Author(s)
A. E. AIWONEGBE
C. A. IBEH
Volume
2
Keyword(s)
Honey bee
Stingless bee
Adulteration
Heavy metal
Moisture content
Total carbohydrate
Dietary fibre
Year
2025
Page Number
45-64
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