Benin Journal of Physical Sciences, Volume 2 , Issue 2 , Decemeber 2025

This study presents a comparative analysis of two prominent time series forecasting models, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), in predicting monthly rainfall in Nigeria. Utilizing a quantitative methodology, the research analyzes average monthly rainfall data from January 1980 to April 2025, obtained from the Humanitarian Data Exchange. The dataset, known for its linear and nonlinear patterns, was preprocessed through linear interpolation and normalization to ensure compatibility with each modeling technique.

Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) is a foundational statistical method used to detect group differences across multiple correlated outcome variables. Classical MANOVA test statistics, including Wilk’s Lambda, Pillai’s Trace, and Roy’s Root, are optimal under multivariate normality and homogeneity of covariance matrices. However, their performances can deteriorate under non-normality or small sample sizes. This study builds upon the truncated MANOVA statistics (W3, P3, R3) which demonstrated improved robustness under specific non-Gaussian conditions.

Capture-recapture methods are essential for estimating hidden populations in fields such as public health and the social sciences. Traditional estimators based on the Poisson distribution often underestimate population sizes when the data exhibit overdispersion. To address this limitation, this study introduced the Zelterman-type and MantelHaenszel-type estimators within the zero-truncated discrete Lindley distribution. The conditional technique was utilized for variance estimation.

The development of biodegradable composites has gained significant attention due to the environmental concerns associated with synthetic polymers. Unripe banana starch, characterized by its high amylose content, presents excellent film-forming properties and biodegradability, making it a promising matrix for composite fabrication. Despite these advantages, its poor mechanical properties restrict its standalone use in structural applications. To improve its performance, reinforcement with natural fibres such as pineapple leaf fibres has been explored.

This paper investigates dimensionless pressure and derivative distributions of a horizontal well completed within an oil reservoir with sealing external boundaries inclined at 45°. The total dimensionless pressure of an object horizontal well, based on its distance from 

Predicting the likelihood of missed loan repayments is essential for banks and credit providers to effectively manage lending risks and promote responsible financial services. This research utilises a binary classification approach, specifically logistic regression, to 

This study presents the effect of long-term outdoor exposure on silicon dioxide (𝑆𝑖𝑂₂) antireflection coating (ARC) surface of GaAs solar cell under simulated outdoor conditions. The work was carried out in COMSOL Multi-physics where the effects of principal and Von Mises stress as well as the strain deformation on reflectance, transmittance, and absorption followed by efficiency degradation were analysed.

The need to develop a new effective and efficient adsorbent for pollutant removal is insatiable. Tiger-nut activated carbon-zeolite composite (STC) was prepared using sol-gel method by mixing zeolite A and prepared steam activated carbon from tigernut using thermal method for removal of Cr (VI), Pb (II) and Cd (II) from aqueous solution. The material was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and Brunauer–Emmette–Teller (BET) respectively. Characteristic vibrational frequency surface area methods.

We define for each 𝛼 ∈ [0,1], the nested 𝛼 −level sets for fuzzy sets and the nested 𝛼 −intervals for fuzzy numbers as a generalization of the nested intervals of the Real line (ℝ). Furthermore, we prove two essential theorems: the nested 𝛼 −level sets theorems and 
the intermediate-value theorem for fuzzy numbers. The results generalize existing results in the literature.

Six (6) borehole water samples around Spare-part market area in Uwelu in Egor Local Government Area of Southern Nigeria were collected to ascertain its potability. The Study assessed the physicochemical and heavy metals parameters using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The physical parameters water (borehole) samples analyzed includes, TDS, pH, EC, TSS, TS, Hardness, Turbidity, Salinity and Alkalinity. The heavy metal parameters analyzed in the borehole water samples includes, Lead, Manganese, Nickel, Chromium, Copper, Zinc, Iron and Cadmium. The pH ranges 6.85 to 7.1.

Heavy metal and hydrocarbon proportion in Okerenkoko Community, Delta State is alarming. Five (5) soil samples were collected randomly from the community, the collected samples were investigated to determine the effects of these substances in the soil to living  things at large using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) and Gas Chromatography respectively.

This contribution critically expands the concept of delta-differentiated systems with impulsive discontinuities across unbounded delay into quantum stochastic calculus, specifically following the framework established by Hudson and Parthasarathy within a designated locally convex space. Our main contribution is demonstrating the constructive resolvability of delta differentiated trajectories under impulsive discontinuities for quantum delta-differentiated systems with impulsive discontinuities across hybrid-chronological scaffolds involving unbounded waiting time.

Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic fungus that produces melanin pigmentation,which is a major virulence factor that contributes to its pathogenicity. C. neoformans strains with varying levels of melanin production were screened and selected to evaluate their growth and melanin production under different temperature ranges. This was carried out in order to ascertain the optimal conditions for melanin production and understand the effects of temperature on the phenotypic expression of C. neoformans. Out of the 150 isolates that were tested for melanin production, 10 strains of C.

This research evaluated the quality of honey samples collected from artificial and natural apiaries and the surrounding markets in three municipal locations in Edo State, Nigeria. The physicochemical properties, proximate and heavy metal composition of honey samples  from five farms and five nearby markets were analyzed using standard methods. The results were compared with the Codex Alimentarius General Standards and the European Union Council Directive. A narrow pH range of 3.43±0.03 to 3.87±0.00 was obtained, while the free acidity varied between 27.00±0.10 to 83.70±0.30 meq/kg.

Rainfall variability in Lagos State, Nigeria, poses significant pluvial flood risks, particularly during the high-risk months from May to October. This study applies time series analysis using the ARIMA (2,0,1) model to forecast rainfall patterns from 1980 to 2022 and identify periods of heightened flood susceptibility. Stationarity was confirmed through the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, and seasonal decomposition revealed consistent peaks during the rainy season.

This study uses Falkner-type hybrid block methods to address the numerical solution of second-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The primary challenge with traditional approaches is their limited efficiency and accuracy in handling stiff ODEs and complex boundary conditions. A novel hybrid block method that integrates the Falkner framework with fixed step-size techniques is proposed to overcome these limitations. The coefficients of the new schemes are obtained via Taylor’s series expansion.